Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide

Unit One1. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution didnt includeEnd of hunting-gathering societies2. Most scholars believe that, during the Paleolithic Age, sociable organization was characterized byA crude well-disposed equality3. The earliest metal worked systemically by clements atomic number 18Copper4. The beam head of the Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by theirKnowledge of agriculture5. Characteristics of complex civilizationsSpecialization of laborTrade and ethnic diffusionWritten quarrelsComplex governmental order and power6. Evidence proves that the MesopotamiansTraded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, & India7. Major movement of Neolithic RevolutionThe establishment of sedentary vill geezerhood communities8. Conditions for women in MesopotamiaGrew increasingly worse over m9. The division of the superannuated people into social and gender hierarchies was first made possible byRise in rustic production10. Ethical monotheism was the customs duty of theHebrews11. Hammurabis code was base on the concept of lex talionis but the punishments were shaped byThe social standing of the accused2. The Hittites who were the close influential ancient Indo-atomic number 63an migrants into southwest Asia are credited forHorse-drawn chariotsMetallurgyMigrating from southern RussiaDefeating the Babylonians13. The society who began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after(prenominal) deathEgypt14. Which metal was most important in trans signifiering agricultural societies into large urban civilizations?Iron15. In which society did women enjoy the most freedom and opportunity?Egypt16. In tribes which, as early as 3000 BCE, began to spread their language and agricultural techniques byout Africa were theBantu17. The Chinese philosophy that promoted strict social and political control was* Legalism18. Social distinctions in Early River Valley civilizations were* Less pronounced than in Neolithic19. By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu vie a part similar to that played by* Indo-atomic number 63ans20. The Bantu in all probability began their migrations because of* Population pressures21. practically of the early Harappan history remains a mystery because* The archeological remains are under water22. The biggest military advantages of the Indo-Europeans was* Their horses23. Most of our information slightly the early Aryans comes from the* Vedas24. chastise groupings of early societies and their rivers* Mesopotamia Tigris & Euphrates Egypt Nile Harappan Indus main impose chinaware Huang He25. Harappan society* Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets* They betrayd extensively with the Mesopotamians* They had social distinctionsThey produced representational art26. Group that retained much more(prenominal) enamour on family structure in China than in other early civilizations* The extended family2 7. The Chinese concept of the Mandate of Heaven was sometimes used to rationalise* Rebellion28. Early China enjoyed lasting direct long-distance trade with* None29. Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Maya rituals because* It was associated with rain & agriculture30. The most characteristic artistic creation of the Olmecs were* abundant human heads sculpted with basalt31. The Aryans affected the Indian sub-continent by A common written language* Adding race to the company system* Establishing the Silk Road trade* in advance(p) use of technology32. Which of the following mathematical concepts, subjective for positional notation and the manipulation of large numbers, was invented by Mayan mathematicians?* Zero33. The ultimate source of wealth in any agricultural society is* Land34. This passage from the Upanishads explain what Hindu concept? According as a man acts and walks in the path of life, so he becomes. He that does dependable becomes good he that does evil becomes evil. * Karma35. Which early Mesopotamian seer believed that the gods had chosen to promote the welfare of the people (and) to cause justice to prevail in the land?* Hammurabi36. During the time of the Aryans the Indian political landscape was characterized by* A series of small kingdoms37. Contributions of the River Valley Civilizations* Metallurgy in agriculture, welfare and art* The wagon wheel* Written forms of discourse* The calendar and the 60-second minute38. What two River Valley civilizations are most alike as far as their use of regionalism and the de keyization of political power?* Olmec and Chavin39. Confucian social order* Loyalty to the ruler* Filial obedience to ones father* Respect of younger brother to older brother* Respect of preserve to wife40. Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were likely the* Gender who gathitherd edible plants and grew various grains41. Shang and Zhou China originated the Mandate of Heaven primarily* As a way to demonstrate the divinity of the emperor42. The government structures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt* In both civilizations power was concentrated in the hands of a king who was considered a god43. The Chinese copied their chariots from* The steppe nomads44. The Period of Warring States refers to the* Chaotic last centuries of the Zhou dynasty45. The early Chinese shipped textiles and metal goods to the ancestors of the Turks and Mongols in the steppes and authentic what in return?* Horses46. Which of the following is a get a line philosophical and ghostlike element of Daoism?* Emphasis on harmony between humanity47. Which of the following describes the major effect of Bantu migrations?* ethnical commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa48. Confucius argued that* Educations is essential to becoming a refined gentleman49. The device the ancient Olmec build in order to trap silt carried by the numerous rivers passing through the Mesoamerican lowlands* Terraces50. The proper order from top to bottom of the original Aryan clan system?* Priests, warriors, farmers/merchants, laborers, polluted laborers51. One depict role of the caste system which was contradictory other systems of social inequality in the ancient demesne was that the caste system* Served to maintain order and stability as political systems did in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China52. What occasion do scholars believe paleolithic Venus figurines served? The figurines reflect a deep interest in fertility necessary for the generation of the new life53. A key geographic difference between ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan, and Chinese society was thatEgypt and China were more isolated and therefore protected by their environment than there were the Mesopotamians or Harappans54. Olmec and Mesopotamian political traditions are an example of* Decentralized monarchy55. Because of the immense size of the Zhou state, its emperors were forced to* Institute a feudal system of the governmentUnit Two1 . An important basis for the fall of the papist, Han, and Gupta empires was * Intensified invasions and security issues along their frontiers2. Before 500 C. E. Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both * Had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by3. In organizing their empire, Persian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from the * Mesopotamians4. The Medes and Persians were originally * Indo-European tribes5. The classic Persian governmental approach was * An enlightened an tolerant one6. The Persian efficacious code was designed to * Codify laws of the subject peoples7. The center of the Persian communications network was * The Royal Road8. Basic tenets of Zoroastrianism that influenced later religions * The belief in promised land and hell * The encouragement of high moral standards * The doctrine that individuals will undergo a final judgment * The belief that each individual plays a key role in determining his or her spiritual destiny9. The Qin and Han dynasties * Went further than the Persian emperors in their bowel movements to foster cultural unity10. Confucian terms * Ren almsgiving * Xiao filial piety * Dao way * Junzi superior individuals11. The philosophy that criticized the social activism, and instead, proposed a life of reflection and introspection was * Daoism12. What was the school of philosophical mentation that returned order to China after the Period of Warring States? * Legalism13. Qin Shihuangdis most important contribute to China was * Establishing a precedent for centralized imperial rule14. The Han philosophy of rule was * A contribution of Qin policies of centralizations15. In 124 B. C. E. , Han Wudi transformed China by * Establishing an imperial university16. Which popular treatise emphasized humility, obedience, subservience, and devotion to their husbands as the virtues most appropriate for women? * Admonitions for Women17. As the Han dynasty became more powerful and wet, * The gap betwe en rich and poor grew dangerously large18. The Indian political scene changed dramatically in 520 B. C. E. when new administrative techniques were introduced after the invasion of the * Persians19. The rock and pillar edicts were issued by Ashoka20. One of the biggest financial problems of the later Mauryan uttermost was the rulers decision to * Debase the currency21. Politically, the Guptas * Left local anaesthetic government and administration in the hands of their allies22. The success and timing of trade, through the Indian Ocean basin, largely depended on * Understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds23. One of the biggest transformations of the caste system during this period was * The rise of guilds, which essentially served as jati24. The greatest social contribution of the Jains was The fact that they did not recognize social hierarchies based on caste25. When Krishna tells Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, Having regards to your own duty, you ought not to falter, for there is nothing better for a Kshatriya than a righteous troth, he is referring to what Hindu principle? * Dharma26. The political structure of the ancient Greeks * Usually considered of in pendant, autonomous city-states27. The Greeks used the word polis to refer to the * The city-state28. Athenian democracy was open to * All Athenian citizens29. Events that occurred during the time of Pericles * Athenian democracy reached its high topographic point Athens became the most sophisticated of the poleis * Athenian magnification and arrogance helped spark the Peloponnesian War * Athens underwent a massive building program30. Affects that came about because of Greek colonization * An increase in the size and diversity of trade * The spread of Greek language and cultural traditions * A quickening of the tempo of social life * Increased contact with other societies31. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution * Incidence of disease increased * Widening gender differences * Rapid increase in h uman population * Increase in reliable food supply32. In The Re domain, Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be * Philosopher kings33. The Roman constitution toward conquered peoples was * Generous with potential for citizenship34. The Roman policy of toleration and respect for conquered peoples was most similar to the * Persians35. The land route of the silk roadstead ran from the Han capital of _____________ to the Mediterranean port of _____________. * Changan Antioch36. Latifundia were * Enormous plantations worked by slaves37. After assignment himself dictator in 46 B. C. E. Julius Caesar * Launched large-scale building projects in Rome Extended Roman citizenship to peoples in the imperial provinces * Appointed some Gauls to the Roman senate * Seized the land from the conservatives and distribute it to his army veterans38. The reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as paxromana in which caused * Common coinage * Common language * Greco-Roman art * une motionality39. Foundations of Roman Law * The principle that defendants were innocent until proven guilty * The notion that defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge in a philander or law * The ability of judges to set aside laws that were inequitable40. The information that Zhang Qian brought back back up Han Wudi to destroy the Xiongnu and lay out the foundations for the * Silk roads41. The fact that by the first century C. E. southeast Asian kings called themselves rajas shows how they were influenced by the * Indians42. By around the year 600 C. E. , the ravages of epidemic diseases had caused both the Mediterranean and Chinese populations slack by * At least a quarter43. In the year 184 C. E. , peasant discontent in China led to an uprising known as the * Yellow Turban rebellion44. With the crack up in political order after the fall of the Han Empire, * Daoism and Buddhism became much more popular45. The Roman Empire was separate into two parts by * Dio Cletian46. The social distinctions in Early River Valley civilizations were * Did not exist as they did in pervious times47. After the collapse of the western half of the Roman Empire, imperial authority survived for another thousand years in the * Byzantine Empire48. Major effect of Bantu migrations * Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan AfricaUnit 3 Part I1. Agricultural production increased throughout medieval Europe mainly esult of a * A heavier plow * irrigate and wind powered mills2. Arabic conquests of Mesopotamia and Persia influenced the women in the Islamic world by making * Society more patriarchal3. Characteristics of the medieval period of Europe * Political order through feudalism * Economic order through manorialism * Religious order through Church * Expanded trade and education4. The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C. E. to 1450 C. E. resulted in the spread of what from South Asia? * Technological and scientific concepts such as decimal and zero5. Foot binding is probably the best example of * The increasingly patriarchal nature of Chinese society6. During the Tang and Song periods, the imperial examination system * Expanded and filled posts based on intellectual ability and merit7. When comparing unificationern and southern India during the postclassical era, it can be stated that * The south suffered through far fewer invasions than the north did8. The success of the Byzantine theme system was most dependent upon * Promoting rural agriculture with few imperial restrictions9. Islam became very popular in India and within dissimilar segments of Hindu society because * It emphasized equality and it was less exclusionary than Hinduism10. The term samurai describes men in feudal Japan who were most like these men in Europe * Knights11. Gender relations up to 1000 C. E. * In some societies, women enjoyed more rights than in others12. The impact of commercial trade during this period * Technology, crop s and religious ideology spread from China in the east to Europe in the west while also connecting India, the Middle East and Africas Swahili coast13. Constantinople Was constructed by Constantine * Allowed the imperial court to pull through watch on the Sasanid Empire in Persia * Was built because the eastern half was the wealthier and more productive part of the empire * Allowed the imperial court to keep watch on Germanic tribes on the Danube14. The items Marco Polo encountered at Kublai caravan inns court and described to Europeans * Paper money * Food stocks noodles * Black stones coal * pulverisation15. Middle Eastern trade in the period between 1000 to 1400 * A unified Islamic Empire which eliminated tariffs and encouraged trade16. Justinians most significant long-term accomplishment * He regulated and established a new uniform legal code for his empire17. Comparison of the political systems in western Europe and China during the time period 1000 1300 * Western Europe de veloped multiple monarchies while China maintained a genius empire18. After the fall of Rome, the only real institutions of learning in Western Europe were the * Christian monasteries19. Hagia Sophia was * The magnificent church at Constantinople20. Major public work that was first constructed by emperor Yangdi during the Sui Dynasty in China * The Grand Canal21. A result of the Viking raids on Europe from the 8th to the 10th centuries was that * Europeans create into feudalistic societies for protection22. In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople * Mutually excommunicated each other23. Charlemagne * He expanded the Frankish soil * He supported education and literacy * He instituted the missi dominci * He established his capital in Aachen24. Guilds during the Late Medieval period Admitted women as members25. Relationships between Islam and the influence it received from other cultures * India mathematics & economics * Persia literacy works & politics * Greec e philosophy & medicine * China paper, cotton & silk26. The main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the field of * Mathematics27. Major result of the Christian Crusades * Europeans were introduced to new technology, trade and cultural exchanges28. Common feature of most Middle Eastern, Asian and European societies during the period of 1000 to 1450 * A close association with religion29. The most striking difference between the Tang and the Song dynasties affecting their survival was * The differing ship canal they chose to deal with nomads on their frontiers30. The two major sources of stability during the Medieval period of Europe * Feudalism and the Catholic church31. In regard to political structure, postclassical India * genuine no single centralized imperial authority32. An invasion in 451 C. E. , by the White Huns, began the collapse of the * Gupta dynasty33. In 711, the blue Indian area of Sind drop down to the * Umayyad dynasty34. The most important new crop intr oduced to China during the Tang and Song periods was * Fast-ripening rice35. The primary difference between Shiite Muslims and Sunni Muslims is a disagreement over * The travel of the Muslim community after Muhammads death36. The Indian ruler Harsha was known for * His Buddhist faith and his benevolent treatment of his subjects37. Legacy of the Vikings during the medieval period * Feudalism * Exploration * Warfare * Shipping technology38. The Abbasid Dynasty differed from the Umayyad Dynasty in that * It was not a conquering dynasty39. The Delhi sultans were Never able to expand their control beyond northern India40. The Crusades by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by * Efforts to unite religious power and retake control of capital of Israel and the Holy Lands41. An example of interaction among Indian, Arab and European societies by 1200 was the transfer of * Numerals and decimal system42. The Tang planned to avoid the concentration o f land by the wealthy by implementing the * New economic planning system43. Zheng He was * The Chinese admiral who made seven journeys of exploration44. Hindu temples Played an important role in the agricultural and financial development of southern India45. Major reason for the rapid expansion of Islam during the 7th & 8th centuries * The advanced military technology of the Islam forces46. India was a natural location for the establishment of emporia because of * Its central locations in the Indian Ocean basin47. Achievements of the Early Middle Ages * A restoration of political order through a feudal system * Some economic recovery because of agricultural advancement * The creation of an institutional framework for the Christian church based in Rome48. The adoption of the Neo-Confucianism by the Ming dynasty during the 14th century was primarily motivated by the * Need for competent government administrators49. The Byzantine Empire achieved * The conversion of numerous Slavic peo ples to Christianity50. Islamic & Chinese empires in the postclassical period (700 1200 C. E. ) shared a characteristic of * Extensive urbanization & maritime trade51. Most important effect of Islamic expansion on the civilizations of medieval Europe * The transmittal of Greek & Arab learning52. The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism both * Were outgrowths of other religions * Were aided in their spread by the trade networks * Developed monastic orders * Venerated people of high spiritual merit53. In medieval society, political power was vested in * Local regimen54. The most important relationship in feudalism was between * Lord and retainerUnit 3 Part 21. The largest empire of all time was created by the * Mongols2. The Inca quipu was * A enrol keeping device consisting of small cords with knots3. The political power of the khans was based on Indirect rule through the leaders of allied tribes4. In an effort to strengthen the Mongol fighting forces, Chinggis Khan * Formed new military units with no tribal affiliations5. Who made a famous pilgrimage to Meca in 1324 1325? * Mansa genus Musa6. Khubilal Khans military and imperial pursuits * Had little success when he tried to conquer Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, and Japan7. Ethiopian Christianity * Retained both traditional African and Christian beliefs8. The Mongols brought greater integration among Eurasian peoples by * Increased trade * Resettlement of conquered peoples Diplomatic missions9. Devastation wrought by the bubonic plague played a key role in the fourteenth century collapse of the * Yuan dynasty10. The introduction of a new crop about 400 C. E. encouraged a fresh migratory surge in Africa. What was the crop? * Bananas11. The first European nation to dominate trade with Asia was * Portugal12. By the middle of the first millennium B. C. E. , the Bantu had begun to produce * Iron13. The late fourteenth century Turkish ruler who weakened the Golden Horde, sacked Delhi, and launched ca mpaigns in southwest Asia and Anatolla, was * Tamerlane14. One of the central factors in the establishment of trans-Saharan trade was * The domestication of the camel15. By the tenth century C. E. , the kings of Ghana had converted to * Islam16. Foundations of Malis power * Control over trans-Saharan trade * A strong cavalry * A series of powerful kings17. During the period of Mongol domination, * Long-distance trade became much less risky18. In regard to political structure, the Aztec empire * Had no elaborate bureaucracy19. Just as the kingdoms of west Africa depended on trans-Saharan trade, the kingdoms of east Africa depended on * Indian Ocean trade20. The Ilkhanate in Persia began a rapid decline in the 1200s * After the government issued paper money21. Since there was no concept of private ownership of land in sub-Saharan Africa, * Slave ownership formed an important aspect of determining personal wealth22. Historians estimate that between 750 and 1500 C. E. , the number of sl aves transported north as part of the trans-Saharan slave was * Ten million23. In the five centuries after the year 1000 C. E. , the peoples of the eastern hemisphere * Traveled and interacted more intensively than ever before24. By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network in which Europeans played dominant roles except * Australia25. Khubilal Khan employed Marco Polo in administrative posts * Because he did not entirely trust his Chinese subjects26. When Pope Innocent IV sent envoys to invite the Mongols in an concretion against the Muslims, * The khans declined and in turn told the Christians to submit to Mongol rule or be destroyed27. Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively because * His religious and legal prepare allowed him to serve as qadi28. Product that had a new impact during this period of increasing interaction * Silk29. The North American Indian societies * Possessed no form of writing30. Common results of a bubonic plague * A decline in trade * A decline in population * Peasant rebellions caused by efforts to freeze wages31. The Yongle Encyclopedia * Represented the Ming rulers interest in supporting native Chinese cultural traditions 32. Central to the Renaissance thought beginning in northern Italy was * A fascination with the ancient world33. Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of * Its control of the gold trade34. Humanist moral philosophers believed that * People could lead morally virtuous lives while participating in the world35. Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population * Was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism36. In regard to exploration, Prince Henry was to Portugal what _________ was to China. * Wan Li37. The Toltec state collapsed by around 1175 because * Of a combination of civil conflict and nomadic invasion38. The chinampa system refers to * The Aztec blueprint of dredging fertile muck from the lakes bottom39. In regard to gender issues in sub -Saharan Africa, Women had more opportunities open to them than did their counterparts in other societies40. Rulers among the Mexica were chosen by * A council made up of the most successful warriors41. A Mexica woman who died in childbirth * Won the same fame as warriors who died valiantly in battle42. The Aztecs viewed human sacrifice * As an essential ritual to ensure the worlds survival43. North American societies * Developed on a comparatively small scale44. In regard to political structure, the early Bantu societies * Governed themselves mostly through family and kinship groups45. The Inca imposed order By taking hostages from the conquered tribes thought classes46. Hallmark of Hongwus rule * The reestablishment of Confucian education * Extensive use of the civil service system * The reestablishment of the civil service system47. The cultural and religious traditions of the Australian aborigines * Did not diffuse much beyond their own regions48. During the early modern era, w hich of the following non-European peoples explored the Indian Ocean? * Chinese49. In sub-Saharan Africa, an age grade was * A publicly recognized group that performed tasks based on their strength and maturity50. Main inspirations for European exploration * The desire to conquer China and India51. The invasions of the nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries * Facilitated greater cross-cultural communication and integration52. Reasons for the European interest in finding a maritime trade route * The spread of the bubonic plague made the silk roads more dangerous * The high prices charged by Muslim merchants * The collect in Europe for items such as Indian pepper and Chinese ginger53. The Reconquista came to an end in 1492 when * The Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Spanish Catholic forces54. Chinese inventions * Sternpost rudder and magnetic compass55. The profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India was made up of * Pepper an d cinnamon56. The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to * Force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties57. In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because * It was a small country with a small population58. Advantages that the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese * They possessed faster, cheaper, and more powerful ships * They created joint-stock companies * They were wealthier countries59. The Dutch policy in Indonesia was * To control the production of spices60. The country that finished the Seven Years War with global hegemony was * England61. In the long term, the Columbian exchange * Increased world population because of the spread of new food crops62. From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of * Enslaved Africans