Keeping the peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Keeping the peace - Essay Example The United Nations The purpose of the United Nations is to act as a global governing body through which peace is negotiated and attained. The U.N. has the capacity to help states find peaceful resolutions between nations when there is a dispute or the emergence of a conflict. The ways in which the disputes can be handled through the U.N. include diplomatic settlements, legal decisions, or through third party resolutions in which the dispute is mediated. The concept of non-peaceful means of dispute resolutions is not acceptable under the provisions of belonging to the U.N. According to U.N. Charter 2, section 4, member states are required to settle their disputes through peaceful means in order to continue international peace, security and justice (Ryan, 2000). During the Cold War there was a general disdain for the U.N. by the United States. During the 1980s, this belief in the power of the U.N. for acting on behalf of the world further diminished as the organization could not hold c ontrol over the actions within the Middle East. When Israel invaded southern Lebanon, the United Nations had only a symbolic involvement, the actual withdrawal from Beirut attempted to be negotiated by the Multinational Force which was comprised of the United States, France, and Italy. This failed as the United States began to bomb opposing forces of the Lebanese government. The lesson that should have been learned was one of impartial roles of those who are intended to seek peace between two forces that are in dispute (Ryan, 2000). During the Malvinas/Falklands conflict, the same sort of impartiality was ignored as the British and United States refused to accept peace that did not include the withdrawal of Argentinian forces. Other regions of the world in which the U.N. had little effect upon the establishment of peace were during the Iran/Iraq war, the conflict in Cypress and in the Western Sahara, as well as in Central America. Trying to keep peace in Afghanistan has been histori cally difficult for the U. N (Ryan, 2000). In 1994, Luard and Heater (1994) were asking the question as to whether or not the experiment that is the U.N. had failed. Part of the answer that they provide is that the U.N. holds its principles even though it has not always been able to convince various nations to follow their advice in keeping conflicts to a peaceful negotiation rather than deteriorating into war. However, they did conclude that the U.N. had contributed little in any way that was meaningful to creating peace within the world in the previous years which would include the 1980s (Luard & Heater, 1994). The question then becomes based upon the real purpose that the U.N. can hold in the world if it has no real powers either through persuasion or through law to support the overall peaceful existence between states in the world. Where the U.N. fails, however, other operations that are more closely tied to the states in question have had greater success as they work out the di sputes for which they represent. World Peace Organizations Some of the world peace organizations that have had success in

Political Philosophy and Medium-paragraph Length Answer Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy and Medium-paragraph Length Answer Essay Provide a medium-paragraph length answer to each question below (using full and complete sentences). The questions are about the readings listed on the syllabus for 2/19 and 2/26. 1. Identify and explain the two objections that Michael Sandel raises about Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of Utilitarianism. 2. What are the three types of policies and laws that Michael Sandel identifies as being commonly rejected by libertarians? Briefly explain each type of policy, and explain why libertarians are philosophically opposed to them. 3. According to Mary Anne Warren (in â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion†), what are the five central criteria for moral personhood, and what are the implications of this criteria on the issue of whether or not the fetus has the right to life? 4. According to Don Marquis (in â€Å"Why Abortion Is Immoral†), what is the property that the fetus possesses which makes abortion an immoral act? Why does Marquis say that abortion is just as wrong as killing an innocent adult person? 5. Judith Jarvis Thomson (in â€Å"A Defense of Abortion†) makes an argument about the morality of abortion when the pregnancy is due to rape by creating a fictitious example about being hooked up to an unconscious violinist. What are the elements of her example that make it analogous to the situation of pregnancy due to rape? What is the conclusion she draws about the morality of abortion in this situation, and what is the basis for this conclusion? Submission Guidelines Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the text of the document Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the name of the file that you submit.

Impact of Jealousy on Relationships

Impact of Jealousy on Relationships Jealousy has crucial and far-reaching implications for persons who are involved in romantic relationships. According to Harris (2009), individuals in a romantic relationship, do at some point experience the feeling of jealousy. Among most definitions of jealousy, it is usually defined as an emotional response to the real or imagined threat of losing something of value from a romantic relationship (Salovey Rodin, 1985; White Mullen, 1989). Some researchers for example Anderson et al. (1995) view romantic jealousy as a positive experience. Having a jealous partner, can cause someone to become careful and avoid other relationships formation and thereby do not longer take his or her current partner for granted. Harris and Darby (2010) supported this conclusion by saying that â€Å"it alerts one to relationship threats and can motivate behaviors that protect the relationship† (p.547). Taking into consideration that the experience of jealousy may protect romantic relationships against potential threat, it is seen to coincide with evolutionary psychological perspective on relationships. From this approach, Buss (2000) argues that romantic jealousy is an adaptive emotion that helps those who are at the risk of losing their partner to a third party and thus must act to hinder the potential loss of the sexual reproductive benefits they gain from their partner. Thus in a way, jealousy may forestall a partners unfaithfulness and is therefore fundamental to relationship bettering goals of mate guarding and mate retention. Evolutionary psychology also predicted who is more prone to be jealous. In most couples, a partner may be more physically attractive, having good health and resources. They thus have the power to attract possible replacement partners than the other partner, which is known as the â€Å"fluctuating asymmetry† (Gangestad Thornhill, 1997). The less a ttractive partner experiencing jealousy in this context is believed to be adaptive in order to protect their relationship from being threatened by a rival and breaking. The study done by Brown and Moore (2003) is in line with this argument. Despite of its good side, there are several evidence for the dark side of jealousy. Barelds and Dijkstra (2006) said that in Western culture jealousy has a negative significance and is frequently seen as a socially undesirable emotion. Many of the empirical studies done in the past have also found that the common person tends to describe jealousy as a negative and bad emotion. For instance the study done by Sharpsteen in 1993 reveals that during the study when people were asked to determine the characteristics of jealousy, their answers were hurt, threatened, bad thoughts about other man and woman. In other words they identified the features of jealousy as negative only. According some researchers for example Hendrick and Hendrick (1983), the feeling of jealousy is not healthy and it is an evidence of deficit. Other researchers have associated jealousy with low self-esteem (Bringle, 1981), low self confidence ( Bunk, 1997), low generalized trust ( Buunk and Dijkstra, 2000), low empathy for others (Radecki Bush, Farrell, Bush, 1993), loneliness ( Rotenberg, Schewchuk Kimberley, 2001), a need for approval (Salovey Rodin, 1985,1989), neuroticism (Stieger, Preyss Voracek, 2012), depression (Tarrier, Beckett, Harwood Ahmed, 1989) and generalized hostility (Thomas, Miller Warner, 1988). On attachment basis, it was found that individuals who display insecure attachment style are more likely to feel jealous about their partner than those who have a secure attachment style (White Mullen, 1989, Sharpsteen Kirkpatrick, 1997, Guerrero, 1998, Harris 2009). The worst side of jealousy is that it can cause someone to become aggressive and violent towards romantic rivals. (DeSteno et al. 2006; Paul et al. 1993; Chiffriller Hennessy, 2007; Harris, 2003; Mullen 1995). All the studies cited above, under the definition of jealousy gives us evidence for the good and bad sides of romantic jealousy. However, most researchers now are in the favor of a multidimensional approach in order to clearly understand how jealousy is conceptualized and experienced. (Bevan Samter, 2004; Buunk, 1991, 1997; Buunk Dijkstra, 2006; Harris, 2009; Pfeiffer Wong, 1989; Salovey, 1991; Sharpsteen, 1991). Bringle et al. (2007) put forward the transactional model of jealousy, which is a multidimensional approach that defines two types of jealousy. First the suspicious type and second the reactive type. Suspicious type of jealousy comprises of feelings, behaviors and thoughts that are experienced when major cases that would usually arouse jealousy are absent. In addition, someone experiencing features like high levels of anxiety, insecurity about their relationship and doubt describes suspicious jealousy. The reactive type is however different from the suspicious type of jea lousy. This kind of jealousy occurs when one partner has learned that his partner has betrayed him or her. Suspicious jealousy is referred to internal individual factors like low self-confidence and insecurity, while reactive jealousy is related to exogenous factors that come from the relationship and society. Scholars Buunk (1991,1997), White and Mullen (1989) identified three components of jealousy: Emotional Jealousy, Cognitive Jealousy and Behavioral Jealousy. Emotional Jealousy Series of studies have concentrated on the emotional component of jealousy. Emotional jealousy comprises of an affective reaction to a real or an imagined threat to a valued relationship (Theiss Solomon, 2006). Emotional arousal embraces negative feelings such as anxiety, discomfort, anger, fear, insecurity, and upset (Guerrero, Eloy, Jorgensen, Andersen, 1993; Sharpsteen, 1993; Sharpsteen Kirkpatrick, 1997). Depending on the situations, emotional jealousy may also include feelings of sadness, guilt and envy (Guerrero, Trost, Yoshimura, 2005; White Mullen, 1989). Emotional jealousy refers to how someone feels when his or her partner is flirting with someone else, kissing or hugging someone of the opposite sex or how that person feels when he or she learns that somebody else is dating his or her partner. Cognitive jealousy Several studies have analyzed the role of cognition in jealousy, which includes the appraisal of threat to a relationship (Fitness Fletcher, 1993; Harris, 2003a; Nannini Meyers, 2000). The repeated thoughts of anxiousness, doubts and suspicions someone has about his or her partners potential infidelity and external relationships characterize cognitive jealousy (Theiss Solomon, 2006). It involves someone who is obsessed by mistaken beliefs, worries and suspicions about rivals to a valued romantic relationship. Cognitive jealousy implies the construction of elaborate cognitive scenarios that result in biases toward perceiving relational threats and misunderstanding of the partner’s behavior (Rydell Bringle, 2007). Examples of cognitive jealousy include a person always imagining a romantic partner as disloyal, interpreting the way their partner interact with the opposite sex as flirting, or comparing oneself incessantly with a potential romantic rival. Behavioral jealousy Behavioral jealousy was defined by Pfeiffer and Wong (1989) as the â€Å"detective/protective measures a person takes when relationship rivals (real or imaginary) are perceived† (p. 184). Jealous behaviors may be expressed in many ways however; the purpose to either protect the relationship or notice potential threats to the relationship is what they have in common. The goal of someone who expresses behavioral jealousy is to ensure that intimacy does not take place between ones partner and a third party. Examples of behavioral jealousy include being inquisitive, checking up on one’s partner, searching his or her belongings, mobile phones, making uncomplimentary statements about the rival, or trying to come in between the partner and rival when they are engaged in conversation. According to this definition, spying or surveillance of one’s partner would consist of a more severe form of behavioral jealousy. White (1981) viewed such behaviors as ways to manage emotions, especially as jealousy is more probable to occur for individuals who are in committed relat ionships than for individuals who are in an open relationships or singles (Pines Aronson, 1983; White Mullen, 1989). A study done by Theresa Hurton (2011), who looks at the relationship between social network site Facebook and how it impacts college romantic relationships, found that there is a positive correlation between checking Facebook daily and presence of jealousy in romantic relationships. Other scholars for example Muise et al (2009) conducted a study that reveals a significant association between time spent on Facebook and jealousy related feelings and behaviors experienced on Facebook. Nowadays Facebook is known to almost all people in the world, it is a new phenomenon and I think most people have a personal Facebook account, be it youngsters or adults. It has become one of the largest procrastinating tools’ for almost everyone. Despite the good sides that Facebook has, one example is that it provides the ease of communication, it does bring along some notorious effects, and one of them is that it may put romantic relationships at risk of breaking by inducing jealousy feelings in couples according to the literature.

Timeless Message of Equality in Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being E

Timeless Message of Equality in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest    Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest satirizes Victorian society.   The witty epigrams of his characters provide light comedy masking the underlying theme of criticism of the Victorian way of life.   Wilde's effective use of humour diffuses the tense theme of his work.   In a Victorian society that emphasized progress, it was precarious for artists like Oscar Wilde to express an imperfect interpretation of life in nineteenth-century England.   Wilde's attack on the ethics of his era is an attempt to fulfill the author's prophecy that art has the power to dictate life, not merely imitate it (614-615).   At a time when the world measured progress in empirical research, Wilde chose to use the English language rather than the scientific method as his mean to transform society.   The Importance of Being Earnest satirizes two main social constructs:   social class and gender relations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde makes fun of characters from the upper class to bring about change in the social construct of the class system.   Wilde satirizes the upper class? pompous attitude, ideas of progress, and emphasis on earnestness.   Wilde identifies the pompous attitude of the upper class by creating characters with distorted perceptions of their self-importance in society.   When Lane the servant says there were no cucumbers at the market, ?[n]ot even for ready money? (8), Algernon seems surprised that his wealth has not given him a slighted chance to obtain cucumbers over the common man.   Algernon?s subordinate view of Lane also symbolizes his arrogance.   As the story opens, Algernon wants to talk to Lane about himself, but... ...e art impact life instead of simply imitating it.   Wilde stood at the forefront of a movement by artists who deflected the confines of the scientific method to reform society.   As The Importance of Being Earnest continues to flourish many years after it was written, Wilde?s message of equality between the social classes and the sexes transcends generations.   Oscar Wilde succeeded in transforming the landscape of art and society.   Ã‚  Works Cited Keach, William, John Richetti, Bruce Robbins, and Carol Moulton, eds.   Adventures in English Literature.   Toronto:   Holt, Rineheart and Wiston, 1996.   599-615. Kishlansky, Mark, Patrick Geary, and Particia O?Brien.   Civilization in the West.   New York:   Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, 1998.   839-843. Wilde, Oscar.   The Importance of Being Earnest.   New York:   Dover Publications, 1990.   1-54.

What happened to the Mt Helen?

Mount St. Helens, located in southwestern Washington about 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon, is one of many volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest; the range extends from Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia, Canada, to Lassen Peak in northern California. Geologists call Mount St. Helens a composite volcano (or stratovolcano), a term for steep sided, often symmetrical cones constructed of alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and other volcanic debris. Composite volcanoes tend to erupt explosively and pose considerable danger to nearby life and property. In contrast, the gently sloping shield volcanoes, such as those in Hawaii, typically erupt nonexplosively, producing fluid lavas that can flow great distances from the active vents. Although Hawaiian-type eruptions may destroy property, they rarely cause death or injury. Before 1980, snow-capped, gracefully symmetrical Mount St. Helens was known as the â€Å"Fujiyama of America.† Mount St. Helens, other active Cascade volcanoes, and those of Alaska form the North American segment of the circum-Pacific â€Å"Ring of Fire,† a notorious zone that produces frequent, often destructive, earthquake and volcanic activity. (1) Basic Data Location: South central Washington State (Cowlitz County). Latitude: 46 °20†² N Longitude: 122 °18†² W. Type:Stratovolcano Size comparison: Mt. St. Helens is the smallest of the five major volcanoes in Washington State, and also the youngest of these. It's last eruption was 123 years earlier. Elevation : 9,677 feet before; 8,363 feet after; 1,314 feet removed Main Eruption: May 18, 1980, 8:32 a.m. (Pacific time) Pyroclastic flow speed : at least 300 miles per hour (some material traveled much faster). Pyroclastic flow temperature : As high as 1,300 degrees F (700 degrees C) Energy released: 24 megatons thermal energy (7 by blast, rest through release of heat); 50 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic blast. Landslide note : The landslide is the World's largest recorded event EVER! Ash plume height : Reached about 80,000 feet in less than 15 minutes Ash cloud dispersal : Spread across U.S. in 3 days; circled Earth in 15 days. Deaths : At least 60-65 persons, and thousands of animals, birds, and insects.(2) On May 18, 1980, at 8:32 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake shook Mount St. Helens, releasing an enormous burst of energy, instantly transforming a peaceful wilderness into a hellish landscape. As soon as the eruption was over, the process of rebirth and renewal began. The mountain is still in the spotlight after 20 years. Come and see the story of this amazing wonder of nature in this commemorative of the anniversary of the day that chaos reigned. October 1, 2004: Mount St. Helens Activity Increases. We probably will not see an event to match the 1980 eruptions of this now-famous volcano, but recent activity has intensified and researchers are watching closely. What did we learn from it? We can learn some facts from it.(1) An active volcano can be destructive at any point of time. So you have to be very careful about that. (2) You just can not predict what exactly going to happen in nature. (3) We should except one thing: what ever we have achieved in science and technology or whatever, â€Å" NATURE IS THE BOSS AND WILL ALWAYS BE† Why earth science is important to people? Earth science affects all our lives. Our landscape has been shaped by natural processes such as tectonics, weathering, and biological activity over billions of years. We use natural materials everyday, everything from building stone and oil to metals such as iron, copper and gold, and even diamonds have all been extracted from the ground. Natural hazards such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods and droughts can dramatically affect lives. Earth science is the study of all these processes, put simply it is the study of our planet. Understanding how our planet works is essential if we are to properly manage our environment, and if we are to predict how the environment will change in the future. Earth scientists can monitor changes in our environment, model our impact on the environment and suggest solutions to our environmental problems. Environmental issues being studied by earth scientists include, the effects of water extraction from our rivers, the distribution of pollutants in the landscape and the environmental impact of industrial activity, such as mining and landfill. Natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and floods are responsible for many deaths, and for the loss of many more homes and livelihoods. Increased knowledge of natural hazards will improve predictions of the occurrence and scale of these potentially life threatening events, giving people a chance to prepare.(4) REFERENCES: (1) The history of Mt Helen is taken from http://www.weathersage.com/storms/mthelen/ sited on May 18,2007 (2) Basic data of Mt Helen is taken from http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/msh.html sited on May 18,2007 (3) Why earth science is important to people? Is taken from http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/areas/earth/importance.asp sited on May 18,2007            

Free Essays on The Miller’s tale by Chaucer

How does Chaucer present the characters of Nicholas and Absolon? The Miller’s tale by Chaucer presents the reader who two characters, Nicholas and Absolon. It can be said that the pair are opposites of one another. It is also open to interpretation to who out of the pair is the ‘Courtly Lover’. Some may say that it is Nicholas and others Absolon. It can be said that this idea of the pair is not easy to understand and will be able to convey. The character of Nicholas is an important character in the tale. This is because the prologue presents the reader with the suggestion that the tale will reflect the Miller. The Miller is a drunk who loves to tell rude stories which draw people’s attention especially those of men. It can be said that Nicholas is in the forefront of this idea. The character of Nicholas is an extremely private man, â€Å"alone, withouten any compaigne†, as he lives alone in a rented bedroom. We can presume that he has a single bed as he has no company and that he and Alison don’t sleep together in this room. Another suggestion for Nicholas being a private and sly character is because the reader doesn’t receive any physical description of him. The reader finds out more information about Nicholas’ room then they do him. Some argue that Chaucer has done this deliberately to reinforce the idea that he is a private man. We never see Nicholas anywhere bar the Carpenterâ€⠄¢s house. He plays his music on his own, â€Å"So sweetly that all the chamber rong†, which is significant because it shows he is gifted and doesn’t want others to hear his gift. It can also be seen to be a way of wooing women as music is romantic. Furthermore Nicholas is a well educated man. He is very interested in astrology, â€Å"his astrelabie longinge for his art†; this is a subject which many at the time wouldn’t have understood. He has the ability to predict events, â€Å"to deman by interogacious†, especially the weather. Anothe... Free Essays on The Miller’s tale by Chaucer Free Essays on The Miller’s tale by Chaucer How does Chaucer present the characters of Nicholas and Absolon? The Miller’s tale by Chaucer presents the reader who two characters, Nicholas and Absolon. It can be said that the pair are opposites of one another. It is also open to interpretation to who out of the pair is the ‘Courtly Lover’. Some may say that it is Nicholas and others Absolon. It can be said that this idea of the pair is not easy to understand and will be able to convey. The character of Nicholas is an important character in the tale. This is because the prologue presents the reader with the suggestion that the tale will reflect the Miller. The Miller is a drunk who loves to tell rude stories which draw people’s attention especially those of men. It can be said that Nicholas is in the forefront of this idea. The character of Nicholas is an extremely private man, â€Å"alone, withouten any compaigne†, as he lives alone in a rented bedroom. We can presume that he has a single bed as he has no company and that he and Alison don’t sleep together in this room. Another suggestion for Nicholas being a private and sly character is because the reader doesn’t receive any physical description of him. The reader finds out more information about Nicholas’ room then they do him. Some argue that Chaucer has done this deliberately to reinforce the idea that he is a private man. We never see Nicholas anywhere bar the Carpenterâ€⠄¢s house. He plays his music on his own, â€Å"So sweetly that all the chamber rong†, which is significant because it shows he is gifted and doesn’t want others to hear his gift. It can also be seen to be a way of wooing women as music is romantic. Furthermore Nicholas is a well educated man. He is very interested in astrology, â€Å"his astrelabie longinge for his art†; this is a subject which many at the time wouldn’t have understood. He has the ability to predict events, â€Å"to deman by interogacious†, especially the weather. Anothe...

Conjugation Tables for the Italian Verb Giocare

Conjugation Tables for the Italian Verb 'Giocare' Giocare is a versatile Italian verb meaning to play, matter, come into play, gamble, deceive, or even trick. It is a regular  first-conjugation Italian verb.  Giocare  is either a transitive verb (meaning it takes a  direct object) or intransitive verb (meaning it does not take a  direct object) and is conjugated with the  auxiliary verb  avere. First-Conjugation Verbs Before conjugating  giocare, its important to understand what first-conjugation Italian verbs are and how they are conjugated. Verbs with infinitives ending in –are are called first-conjugation, or –are, verbs. The present tense of a regular –are verb is formed by dropping the infinitive ending –are and adding the appropriate endings to the resulting stem. There is a different ending for each person. There are two types of first-conjugation verbs: with verbs like giocare ending in –care (as well as similar verbs like  cercare,  to try  and  caricare,  to charge) and –gare (such as  litigare, to fight, and  legare, to bond), you add an h immediately after the root with declinations startining with e or i to  maintain the hard c or hard g sound. The Auxiliary Verb Avere In Italian, an auxiliary verb- either  avere  (which is paired with giocare) or  essere- is used whenever forming  compound tenses. The auxiliary (or helping) verb, in combination with another, gives a particular meaning to the conjugated verb form. For example, compound tenses such as the  passato prossimo  are formed with the present indicative of the auxiliary verb  avere  or  essere  and the  participio  passato, â€Å" past participle. Conjugating Giocare The tables provide conjugations for tenses and moods of the verb giocare.  Where available, links provide an opportunity to find further information about the meaning and use of the mood or tense. Indicative/Indicativo Presente io gioco tu giochi lui, lei, Lei gioca noi giochiamo voi giocate loro, Loro giocano Imperfetto io giocavo tu giocavi lui, lei, Lei giocava noi giocavamo voi giocavate loro, Loro giocavano Passato Remoto io giocai tu giocasti lui, lei, Lei gioc noi giocammo voi giocaste loro, Loro giocarono Futuro Semplice io giocher tu giocherai lui, lei, Lei giocher noi giocheremo voi giocherete loro, Loro giocheranno Passato Prossimo io ho giocato tu hai giocato lui, lei, Lei ha giocato noi abbiamo giocato voi avete giocato loro, Loro hanno giocato Trapassato Prossimo io avevo giocato tu avevi giocato lui, lei, Lei aveva giocato noi avevamo giocato voi avevate giocato loro, Loro avevano giocato Trapassato Remoto io ebbi giocato tu avesti giocato lui, lei, Lei ebbe giocato noi avemmo giocato voi aveste giocato loro, Loro ebbero giocato Future Anteriore io avr giocato tu avrai giocato lui, lei, Lei avr giocato noi avremo giocato voi avrete giocato loro, Loro avranno giocato Subjunctive/Congiuntivo Presente io giochi tu giochi lui, lei, Lei giochi noi giochiamo voi giochiate loro, Loro giochino Imperfetto io giocassi tu giocassi lui, lei, Lei giocasse noi giocassimo voi giocaste loro, Loro giocassero Passato io abbia giocato tu abbia giocato lui, lei, Lei abbia giocato noi abbiamo giocato voi abbiate giocato loro, Loro abbiano giocato Trapassato io avessi giocato tu avessi giocato lui, lei, Lei avesse giocato noi avessimo giocato voi aveste giocato loro, Loro avessero giocato Conditional/Condizionale Presente io giocherei tu giocheresti lui, lei, Lei giocherebbe noi giocheremmo voi giochereste loro, Loro giocherebbero Passato io avrei giocato tu avresti giocato lui, lei, Lei avrebbe giocato noi avremmo giocato voi avreste giocato loro, Loro avrebbero giocato Imperative/Imperativo Presente gioca giochi giochiamo giocate giochino Infinitive/Infinito Presente giocare Passato avere giocato Participle/Participio Presente giocante Passato giocato Gerund/Gerundio Presente giocando Passato avendo giocato

The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay Essays

The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay Essays The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay Essay The Origins Of Community Care Social Work Essay Essay The beginnings of community attention day of the month back the Griffiths Report in 1988, peculiar Community Care: Agenda for Action and the authorities White Paper Caring for People. ( Guthrie ; 2011 ) The documents emphasised pick, independency and involvement service users and carers. A series of switching schemes and precedences developed such as ; move from institutionalisation to advance independent life within community, from service led to demands led proviso. ( Petch ; 2008 ) In 1990, the NHS and Community Care Act ( NHS A ; CCA1990 ) was introduced that draws attending to the term attention in the community which for many service suppliers opened door to market of services, taking to denationalization and managerialism. ( Ferguson A ; Woodward ; 2009 ) Although community attention was introduced by the NHS A ; CCA1990, this operated in Scotland to amend the Social Work ( Scotland ) Act 1968 ( SW ( S ) A1968 ) . The add-on of subdivision S12 ( a ) into the SW ( S ) A1968 created a responsibility to measure the demands of the person who may necessitate services. Potentially the statutory statute law that could be used in the instance of Mrs. Sheerer are ; Mental Health ( Care and Treatment ) ( Scotland ) Act 2003, ( MH ( C A ; T ) ( S ) A2003 ) , Adults with Incapacity Act 2000 ( AWI ( S ) A2000 ) , mentioned above SW ( S ) A1968 amended under subdivision 13 ( za ) and Adult Support and Protection ( Scotland ) Act 2007 ( ASP ( S ) A2007 ) . ( Mackay ; 2008 ) It seems to be really improbable to utilize MH ( C A ; T ) ( S ) A2003 because there are no clear grounds that Mrs. Sheerer suffer a mental upset, defines as ; a mental unwellness, personality upset or acquisition disablement which is caused or manifested S328 ( 1 ) of MH ( C A ; T ) ( S ) A2003. She besides based on information provided, does non look to set herself or others on important hazard and her determination devising is non evidently impaired. It is deserving observing that the act is really controversial due to impact of stigma, coercion and breaching of human rights. The AWI ( S ) A2000 could be used on the evidences that Mrs. Sheerer is deemed to miss capacity to do determination in relation to her hereafter attention demands, S1 ( 6 ) of AWI ( S ) A2000 states incapable means incapable of doing determination and this seems to be relevant to the instance. It is of import to observe based on statute law that if Mrs. Sheerer is unable to do determination in some countries, she is likely to take determinations in others. In Scots jurisprudence, there must be clear grounds that a individual deficiency of capacity before any action will be permitted. ( Scots Government ; 2008 ) However, in England and Wales the same regulation is statutory, the grownup must be assumed to hold capacity unless proven otherwise as stated in S1 of Mental Capacity Act 2005 ( MCA2005 ) . It may be questioned if Mrs. Sheerer really deficiency of capacity, based on individual SMART trial in hospital status. Hospital could worsen confusion, as a consequence of strangeness, deficiency of slumber, medicine or hurting. When step ining in Mrs. Sheerer live, the rules defines in S1 of AWI ( S ) A2000 must be taken into history such as ; intercession will profit the grownup and will be least restrictive option in relation to the freedom of Mrs Sheerer. Account shall be taken of the present and past wants and feeling of service user and the positions of other relevant people. It is deserving observing that rule three merely requires positions are taken into history but it does non intend they are given consequence to. The principle four of the AWI ( S ) A2000, to advance the engagement in determination devising, is somewhat different in England and Wales, where determinations being taken in the best involvement of and grownups harmonizing to S1 ( 5 ) of MCA2005. It is of import to look into if Mrs. Sheerer did non take advantage of the options such as ; negotiorum gestio, which allow the authorized individual to move on the behalf of an incapable grownup, la wyers or defenders to take determination on behalf of an grownup. An lawyer is appointed by the individual before doomed of capacity, at the presence of the canvasser whereas, a defender is appointed by the sheriff tribunal. ( Guthrie ; 2011 ) Application for a care order when Mrs. Sheerer is in hospital ready to dispatch, could do unneeded procedure known as delayed discharge codification 51X. ( Scots Government, 2010 ) The holds in care order could be caused, by troubles in obtaining legal assistance by relations. If societal worker felt the hold in discharge consequence in negative effects for Mrs. Sheerer, it would be considered taking over the guardianship application. To use a guardian Mrs. Sheerer harmonizing to S57 of AWI ( S ) A2000 must be incapable and it must be likely that incapacity will go on. Therefore, the application for the defender could be irrelevant in a state of affairs of Mrs. Sheerer because there are no groundss of continuity of incapacity and the current p rovince can merely be impermanent. If Mrs. Sheerer was non able to do determination, merely for a short period of clip, sing her public assistance or finance, where determination had to be made rapidly, a societal worker of behalf of local authorization has responsibility to use for an intercession order under S53 of AWI ( S ) A2000. Potentially AWI ( S ) A2000 could be used to imposed attention at place or residential attention to Mrs. Sheerer. Assuming that Mrs. Sheerer does non hold appointees and deficiency of capacity to do determination about future attention demands, it would has to be considered if the application for an order under the AWI ( S ) A2000 is necessary or instead use the power of the SW ( S ) A1968 amended under subdivision 13 ( za ) . This subdivision, give societal worker a power to supply community attention services that has been assessed as needed to Mrs. Sheerer due to incapableness to accept having such services. In conformity with S13 ( za ) of SW ( S ) A1968 Mrs. Sheerer could be move to care place or hold with proposed attention intercession. Before utilizing any of those two Acts of the Apostless, the issues to discourse are ; acceptance of rules, want of autonomy, appraisal of demands and hazard every bit good as fiscal agreements. The last but non least legal option to see is ASP ( S ) A2007, the act refers to the jurisprudence that concerns non lone protection but supplying support to advance independency and public assistance of service user. Mrs. Sheerer meets two status of the act to be applied such as ; she is at hazard and may necessitate protection of wellbeing, due to her deficiency of capacity, hapless nutrition every bit good as hazard of falls. The ASP ( S ) A2007 gives societal worker working on behalf of local authorization responsibility to look into and measure Mrs. Sheerer. Most of appraisals are undertaken on a voluntary footing but the act gives power to measure without consent of service user and is known as the first of three protection orders. ( Mackay: 2008a ) The act besides established a responsibility to collaborate between bureaus and creates multi-disciplinary Adults Protection Committees to implement, proctor and back up the work. One could imagine that the usage of ASP ( S ) A2007 seems to be the most appropriate option because is the less restrictive harmonizing to Mackay ( 2008 ) pyramid of statutory intercession. What is more, the act itself does non stigmatize, the least breach human right or freedom. It will give societal worker clip to acquire know and construct better relationship with Mrs. Sheers. Consequently, it will ensue in holding more information and better image of state of affairs. When utilizing ASP ( S ) A2007 one assume Mrs. Sheerer s state of affairs could be caused by sing some troubles in her life or even suffer hurt such as mourning, lost or maltreatment. The intercession in Mrs. Sheerer live will depend on many factors to be discussed ; service user s sentiment, adaptability of house to current demands, the status of house and handiness, sentiments of other professional and relations. One might anticipate that Mrs Sheerer, irrespective of age but due to femur break will necessitate int ense place attention services or version of the house such as ; raised lavatory place, grab or lifting grips, community dismay, infirmary bed or others. The application of the above will be possible under S13 ( za ) of SW ( S ) 1968 imagining that Mrs. Sheerer expresses consent to such services to be provided. Social worker has responsibility to measure the demands of Mrs. Sheerer under ASP ( S ) 2007 but the consent to supply services is needed to utilize S13 ( za ) of SW ( S ) A1968. Otherwise, societal worker could take action under AWIA ( S ) 2000. The rules of these Acts of the Apostless required to take the position of Mrs. Sheerer and carers if involved, into history when make up ones minding what services to supply, this is besides in conformity with Community Care and Health ( Scotland ) Act 2002 ( CC A ; H ( S ) A2002 ) amended under S12 ( a ) of the SW ( S ) A1968. It is deserving indicating out that Mrs. Sheerer was nutritionally compromise but had home attention servic es and limited household intercession. This raises the inquiries of why it was non noticed, how adequate is the consequence of SMART trial in infirmary conditions and how this had affected Mrs. Sheerer. There are a batch of guesss and factors to see but taking into history the limited information that were given and presuming societal worker investigates this instance for the first clip, it seems be discriminatory to utilize other statute law. One must retrieve that legislative context of intercession, chiefly, is driven by the relationship between societal worker and service user, which is a nucleus component to success intercession in societal work. It is an of import beginning of information to understand the world behind the state of affairs and how best to assist. Wilson et Al. ( 2008: p.7 ) mentioning to relationship-based pattern called it the medium through which societal worker can prosecute with and step in in the complexness of internal and external universe of service user. This portion of the essay examines duties, rights and function of people involved. The statute law gives the societal worker moving on behalf of local authorization a general duty to advance good being, to understate the consequence of intercession and give an grownup the chance to take as normal live as possible. Local authorization is responsible for measuring demands for community attention services, set uping and supplying these services every bit good as cooperation with other professionals such as ; occupational healer, lodging officers, GPs. This is harmonizing to the integrating docket between wellness and societal attention services. ( Age Scotland, 2011 ) Social worker has statutory responsibilities underpinned non merely by the jurisprudence but besides professional codifications and values. Expectation of societal work profession is presented in codification of moralss issued by British Association of Social Workers ( BASW ) and codification of pattern represented by Scots Social Services Council ( SSSC ) . Social work values grew on the thought of regard for the equality, worth and self-respect of all people. Human rights and societal justness are at the bosom of societal work intercession. The five rules indicates by BASW ( 2012 ) sing human rights are ; to advance and esteem good being, support people to do ain picks and determinations, promote engagement, engagement and authorization of people utilizing services, handling each individual as a whole to recognize all facets of service user s life, placing and developing strengths. While, codification of pattern ( SSSC ; 2007 ) requires ; to protect the right and advance the involv ement of service user, maintain the trust and assurance, promote independency while protecting from injury and danger, respect the rights of service user. The Scots Parliament and public governments are required to continue the European Convention of Human Rights, incorporated into the UK jurisprudence through Human Rights Act 1998. ( Johns ; 2008 ) It can be in some instances that the jurisprudence can transgress human rights. Therefore, in relation to Mrs. Sheerer societal worker most of all has to esteem, Mrs. Sheerer s right to liberty and security, the article five established three conditions to be met before it will be breached such as certified mental upset within important grade and doggedness. Article eight provinces that Mrs. Sheerer has the right to privateness, household life, place and correspondence. ( Johns, 2008 ) She besides has the right to entree a canvasser or protagonism included under S6 of ASP ( S ) A2007. The function of societal worker will be to guarantee Mrs. Sheerer understand legal procedures and if she is cognizant of her rights. The statute law model is complex, accordingly ; information given must do sense and be apprehensible for service user, the function of societal worker is to take clip to explicate and reply inquiries. Social worker must utilize appropriate and effectual method of communicating and accomplishments to understand and to be understood. The purpose is to back up Mrs. Sheerer to do informed picks every bit far as possible. Social worker must guarantee that Mrs. Sheerer s positions are heard and she understands a state of affairs. There are six core functions of societal worker such as ; instance worker, advocator, spouse, assessor of hazard and demands, attention trough, agent of societal control. The above functions are affected by alterations in wider societal context, public assistance policy and political orientation like for illustration demographic alte rations, communications engineerings, consumerism etc. ( Scots Government ; 2005 ) Social worker function is to work together with Mrs. Sheerer to help her to turn to personal issues, supply information and protagonism. Supply services to run into the demands of service user and non to seek to repair Mrs. Sheerer to services available. This portion of the essay efforts to demo the chances of anti-discrimination, engagement and authorization in societal work. Social worker is obligated by jurisprudence, values and moralss to back up and work with service user in anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory manner. Knowledge and apprehension of professional codifications such as ; BASW and SSSC is important in being cognizant of anti-discriminatory pattern in societal work by specifying rights and duties. The anti-discriminatory tendencies in societal work values and pattern are profoundly rooted in extremist societal work that aims to work towards a society based on equality, justness and engagement. Harmonizing to the axiom popularised by Marx from each harmonizing to his ability, to each harmonizing to his demands. ( Doel ; 2012, p. 27 ) Social justness is still a basic value in societal work pattern. Dalrymple and Burke ( 2006 ) refer to emancipator issues that driven modern-day societal work such as societal justne ss, authorization, partnership and minimum intercession. Participation is a cardinal component in the development of anti-discriminatory pattern. Wilson ( 2008 ) refers to engagement of service user in societal work pattern based on partnership and authorization. The term partnership is used to mention to pattern, based on working with service users, towards together agreed ends, instead than making things for them. ( Thomson, 2011 ) Dalrymple and Burke ( 2006 ) defined partnership as procedure of information sharing and engagement in decision-making. Taking the above into history societal worker have to affect Mrs. Sheerer in the procedure of determination devising and intercession such as specifying demands, make up ones mind how best to assist, implementing, holding and measuring. Authorization is non merely a affair of easing or enabling. It besides involves taking history of the disadvantage and subjugation that are so characteristic of the service user twenty-four hours to twe nty-four hours experiences. ( Thompson, 2008 ) Work in anti-discriminatory manner means to see Mrs. Sheerer within her broad societal context include environmental, social and cultural factors such as race, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, disablement and so on. The last subdivision of the essay assesses societal policy that inform legislative context of this instance. It is seems to be clear that societal worker demands to work in integrating with other professionals within all facets of appraisal and intercession procedure. The statute law defines duties in societal work but societal policies outline a program of action, a set of regulations that guide pattern. The first important policy in footings of advancing partnership working across wellness, lodging and societal attention is Joint Future 2000. This is a alone partnership between the Scottish Executive, the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities ( CoSLA ) and NHS Scotland that focus on to better joint working through funding articulation services, direction and resources. A cardinal constituent of Joint Future has been development of Single Shared Assessment ( SSA ) that aims to shorten and better flow of information between professionals and bureaus, avoid duplicate, provide faster entree to back up with less bureaucratism. ( Age Scotland, 2012 ) The policy Changing Lifes 2006 has concerned on anti-discrimination, to make non look at service user in the context of exposure but to concentrate on strength and edifice true relationship. The purpose set out through study were advancing engagement ; taking a whole-person attack ; understanding each person in the context of household and community. ( Scots Government ; 2006 ) The another policy that seems to be of import in relation to scenario, with the premise of that Mrs Sheerer is an older individual because the policy aims chiefly to older people, is All our Future. It supports older people to remain at place every bit long as possible by supplying free personal attention, telecare development programme, attention and fix, travel strategy ; free coach travel etc.. ( Scots Executive ; 2007 ) It is notable that Mrs. Sheerer may be entitled to liberate personal attention that was introduced by the Sutherland study and statutory implemented through the CC A ; H ( S ) A2002. ( Guthrie ; 2011 ) In Scotland every individual over 60 old ages is entitled to liberate personal attention in other instances it will depend on demands, precedence and classs of hazard. The policy Reshaping Care for Older Peoples ( SCSWIS ; 2011 ) focuses on the 3R s rehabilitation, re-ablement and recovery to optimize the independency of people at place. The reablement is a new s ervice, ab initio aims at people coming out of infirmary. In Glasgow it is a partnership between Social Work Services, Cordia, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. If Mrs. Sheerer lives in the country, she will be provided with services up to six hebdomads, the reablement aims to construct assurance by assisting to recover the accomplishments to make what Mrs. Sheerer can and desire to make for herself at place. ( Glasgow City Council: 2011 ) Recent audience on integrating docket, set out proposal to inform and alter the manner that the NHS and Local Authorities work together and in partnership with the 3rd and independent sectors. This includes incorporate budget and joint answerability. The proposal extends the services proviso to all grownups and non merely older people, so the guesss sing the age of Mrs. Sheerer would non be needed. The Integration of Adult Health and Social Care Bill will convey forward statute law to make Health and Social Care Partnerships, which will replace Community Health Partnerships and will be the joint and equal duty of Health Boards and Local Authorities. ( Scots Government ; 2012 ) Ineffective partnership between wellness and societal services is a existent quandary of modern-day societal work pattern. On the one manus, the job is finance and the ageless inquiry ; who are traveling to pay for services? On the other, the issue of happening appropriate resources that will run into the deman ds of Mrs. Sheerer, both procedures are clip devouring. Consequently, Mrs. Sheerer can be detained in infirmary thirster that necessary that can impact her emotional and physical status, which normally will deteriorate. Other issues are ; blocked bed and retained the flow of a new patient. One strongly believe that new integrating docket of wellness and societal attention such as one budget and amalgamate partnership will do a difference in new societal services. The new societal policies and statute law present a broad scope of possible options and picks such as ; personalised services and autonomous support. It this hebdomad authorities has been discoursing the Social Care ( Autonomous Support ) ( Scotland ) Bill ( SDS Bill ) that has been passed phase three on 28th of November 2012. ( Scots Parliament, 2012 ) What that means for societal work today is a displacement from service led to outcome led proviso, The Talking Points: Personal Outcomes Approach promoted by the Joint Impro vement Team will alter the procedure of appraisal of demands that now will be more focal point on marks. Based on SDS Bill societal worker will hold a responsibility to offer ; direct payment to Mrs. Sheerer in order that she will set up her support ; can do agreement for services that have been chosen by Mrs. Sheerer or can choose appropriate support and do agreement. ( IRISS ; 2012 ) One could earnestly oppugn if Mrs. Sheerer will hold accomplishments and cognition to pull off these assortment of options such as ; possibility to use ain carers or purchase ain services, if she have non done earlier. It seems to be clear that the function of societal worker will hold alteration signifier procedural attention direction towards support and securities firm. To sum up, modern-day societal work pattern floating off from paternalism to seeing service users as experts of ain life an illustration of this is work in partnerships, service user engagement or SDS. There is no uncertainty that relationship between societal worker and Mrs. Sheer is a key in the procedure of intercession. It is important to speak to and listen to serve user. The more clip spend, the more societal worker will understand Mrs. Sheerer within wider societal context. One must retrieve that when step ining in person s life taking no action is an action, otherwise the option of minimum intercession or less restrictive option must be put in topographic point.

The Recognition of the Faces Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Recognition of the Faces - Article Example However, whether skin color is the major contributor for the ORE has not yet been experimentally determined. In this article, the skin color of African and Caucasian faces was manipulated without changing the facial features and face-recognition task was employed to determine whether own-race and other-race recognition depended on skin color or facial features. The research design involved the identification of a set of faces in the initial task and these faces where then manipulated and in the test phase the participants were presented with both the old and new faces and were required to press a key to identify an old and the new face. Recognition of the faces presented constitutes the dependent variable of the study while skin color and facial features are the independent variables. 48 Caucasian students participated in the task and in the initial task they were shown 16 faces in random order. This was followed by the test phase in which the 16 old faces and the 16 new faces were shown again in random order. The total faces presented were 64 chromatic pictures with 16 original African and 16 original Caucasian faces and 16 whitened African and 16 blackened Caucasian faces. All of the faces were obtained from the Tel Aviv face database with females constituting about half of the faces in each category. All the external features of the face s were cropped and the skin color conversion was carried out by extracting the red-green-blue values (RGB) taken from 16 coordinates on each face that was to be converted and they were matched at the same coordinates of the other-race face. This was followed by filtering and color-curve adjustment to complete the color conversion and all the procedures were carried out through Adobe Photoshop CS2 software. The four versions created were presented to each participant only once in the initial study and test phase of the task and each face was shown as either old or new.

Medical School Secondary Application Essay Topics

Medical School Secondary Application Topics - Essay Example as a laboratory technician at Pharmacology-Toxicology Research Laboratory; as an animal laboratory technician at Pfizer Global Research and Development; and at Tutor Experts and the Making Changes Freedom School as a tutor-educator. These experiences have taught me the value of resilience, the age-old formula of hard work; passion for learning; a very strong sense of independence; and a good work ethic. Despite the ‘sweet’ burden of supporting myself through school, this did not prove an obstacle in being a man for others. I have worked as a volunteer for several institutions, recognizing that neither my ethnicity nor my financial difficulties should inhibit selflessness and an authentic desire to be of service. I have volunteered as a tutor / mentor in two institutions – the Making Changes Freedom School in Richmond, California, and at Tutor Experts in Walnut Creek, California. Through these venues, altruism and charity have been indelibly marked in my person; and I am as grateful for the experience as my students. I have also had the opportunity to volunteer for the California Pacific Medical Center and the American Red Cross Mobile, both in San Francisco California. A major consideration in the choice of Creighton University School of Medicine is my strong belief in its vision of â€Å"improving the human condition through excellence in educating students, physicians and the public, advancing knowledge, and providing comprehensive patient care.† The mission in itself speaks of service, altruism, physician competence and selfness – values which are remarkably consistent with my own. One other noteworthy feature of the university is its emphasis on Catholicism; I belong to a very devout Catholic family, and service to humanity, especially the underprivileged, has been instilled in me by my parents. Perhaps, this core value has been the driving force behind my strong sense of volunteerism, and sincere desire to help others. This emphasis on reaching out

Strategy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategy analysis - Essay Example The two giant American companies haven't stopped although their basic cola markets have leveled off in the world and now in the current year they still stand to battle against each other. Thus, Cola wars still continue and the market can still expect some new products from the companies in the beverage market. The cola wars began in the 1950's when Alfred Steele the former Coke marketing executive was made the executive at Pepsi. Steele came up with the strategy "Beat Coke" that focused on take-home sales through supermarkets. Pepsi focused on family consumption so they came up with a 26-oz bottle. Thus after the 2nd world war, Pepsi's growth took a straight shot ahead as supermarkets began to increase in the country. CEO of Pepsi Donald Kendall launched a marketing campaign "Pepsi Generation" that targeted the youth of the nation or people young at heart. This helped Pepsi to squeeze Cokes lead to a 2-to-1 margin. Pepsi also worked with its bottlers to improve plants and store facilities. Thus, Pepsi's bottlers were greater than Cokes during 1970. Plus Pepsi sold concentrate to its bottlers at a price that was 20% lower than that of Coke. In 1960's the two companies decided to experiment with new cola and non-cola brands and also new packaging ideas. Thus Coke launched Fanta, Sprite and low calorie cola Tab. Pepsi launched Teem, Mountain Dew and Diet Pepsi. The companies introduced non-returnable glass bottles simultaneously and also 12-oz metal cans that were a huge hit since they are convenient, light and trendier. The companies also plunged into the non-CSD market that included juices, coffee, tea, hot chocolate and water. The flooded the beverage market. Coke bought Minute Maid (fruit juice), Duncan foods (coffee, tea, hot chocolate) and Belmont Springs Water. Whereas, in 1965 Pepsi merged with snack-food giant Frito-Lay in order to form Pepsi Co. Coca Cola's advertising strategy focused on showing that its product is better than the competitors. Coke focused on the overseas market during this period with the assumption that the domestic market has saturated and Pepsi competed with Coke in the domestic market and managed to double its share in the United States between 1950 and 1970. In 1974 Pepsi launched the "Pepsi Challenge" in Dallas, Texas where Coke was l argest selling brand. They began differentiate with Coke with blind taste tests to ensure that people liked the taste of Pepsi more than any other cola. This strategy worked and sales shot up in Dallas. Then Pepsi launched thin campaign nationwide. Coke retaliated with retail price cuts, rebates, and advertisements that questioned the blind tests validity. But Pepsi challenge managed to win Coke's market share. In 1979, Pepsi sales increased more than Coke sales for the first time through retail outlets with a 1.4 share point lead. Coke then renegotiated its franchise bottling contract in order to achieve flexibility in pricing the concentrate and syrups. Its bottlers approved the contract on a condition that was fulfilled and Coke came side by side with Pepsi in the market. Then Coke announced a price increase in concentrate and

Does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny - Assignment Example Ontogeny is the scientific belief pertaining to the development of embryos. The idea behind it is that scientists can trace the evolutionary history of organisms through its ancestral characteristics. The belief is that ancestral characters of organisms will more likely than not, be preserved in an organisms development. The idea is better visualized in the following manner; â€Å"both chick and human embryos go through a stage where they have slits and arches in their necks that are identical to the gill slits and gill arches of fish. This observation supports the idea that chicks and humans share a common ancestor with fish. Thus, developmental characters, along with other lines of evidence, can be used for constructing phylogenies.† (â€Å"Ontology and Phylogeny†, n.d.) On the other hand, Phylogeny is defined by scientists as â€Å"the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms. â€Å" (â€Å"phylogeny†, n.d.) Phylogeny is basically reliant on the theory that plants or animals all descend from common ancestors. However, due to the lack of scientific basis for this theory to be proven as true, since most of the ancestors of life on the planet are already extinct and the fossils on record are few and far between, this theory is based solely on direct evidence. Having now defined what Ontogeny and Phylogeny are in relation to the evolution of man, we may now coherently discuss as to whether Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny. Most scientists do not agree with the ORP theory and reject the thought based upon the embryological evidence for evolution. Basically, if we look at a man and a chick, we will see that both fetuses have gills and slits in the neck. Therefore, both species stemmed from a fish-like existence. However, the animal and the man never turned into fishes before turning into men and chicks. In the case of man, we evolved past that into the

Eye witness account Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eye witness account - Assignment Example There are no tables, no seats, just a long table. The darkness sets in, Kim is sent to work in the chief’s house. He brings leftovers home. The family eats them up hungrily and happily that they can get extra food. As days pass, Kim has scars, he is abused by the chief’s boys. The family suffers malnutrition. They look thin and sickly. The new people do not converse, everyone runs their life and does their job. They work for more than twelve hours a day in community gardens and rice fields. Twice a week they meet for a meeting under the chief for an hour or more. The Angkar government is all they hear of. Landmines are on the edges of the place to protect the people. If people are sent to work there, they are blown off and soldiers shoot them to kill. No religion is practiced. All areas of worship are destroyed. The temple ruins are full of art, animals of the wild, gods and goddesses sculptured and drawn. Monks are killed if they do not convert to Angkar. The working hours increase and young men are forcefully recruited to be soldiers. Khouy is forced to marry a young girl to avoid recruitment. Soldiers rape young women and the families can do nothing. The slavery and bondage goes

Is state government an effective form of government Essay

Is state government an effective form of government - Essay Example This is a step forward in the process of decentralization out of federal power and of achieving efficiency by the state governments. Dr. Weiher stated that there are four general purposes of a written Constitution: "(1) Create a Form of Government; (2) Limit Governmental Power; (3) Define Who is a Citizen; and (4) Identify society's central values" (Weiher, 2002). This last point has to be emphasized. The values of any given society change frequently from territory to territory. People from different states have very different sets of values and a written Constitution is a reflection of the diversity of values among citizens of different states. For example, people from Utah have in common their unique religious beliefs. The same can be said of other people from other states. The federal government provides the unity within the diversity, and each state is a symbolic pluralistic unit in the spectrum of all the states bound together under the U.S. Constitution. The Wikipedia points out that "the most obvious advantage of a codified constitution is the coherent and easily understood body of rules. A codified constitution at the least is simple to read, being a single document.

Does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny - Assignment Example Ontogeny is the scientific belief pertaining to the development of embryos. The idea behind it is that scientists can trace the evolutionary history of organisms through its ancestral characteristics. The belief is that ancestral characters of organisms will more likely than not, be preserved in an organisms development. The idea is better visualized in the following manner; â€Å"both chick and human embryos go through a stage where they have slits and arches in their necks that are identical to the gill slits and gill arches of fish. This observation supports the idea that chicks and humans share a common ancestor with fish. Thus, developmental characters, along with other lines of evidence, can be used for constructing phylogenies.† (â€Å"Ontology and Phylogeny†, n.d.) On the other hand, Phylogeny is defined by scientists as â€Å"the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms. â€Å" (â€Å"phylogeny†, n.d.) Phylogeny is basically reliant on the theory that plants or animals all descend from common ancestors. However, due to the lack of scientific basis for this theory to be proven as true, since most of the ancestors of life on the planet are already extinct and the fossils on record are few and far between, this theory is based solely on direct evidence. Having now defined what Ontogeny and Phylogeny are in relation to the evolution of man, we may now coherently discuss as to whether Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny. Most scientists do not agree with the ORP theory and reject the thought based upon the embryological evidence for evolution. Basically, if we look at a man and a chick, we will see that both fetuses have gills and slits in the neck. Therefore, both species stemmed from a fish-like existence. However, the animal and the man never turned into fishes before turning into men and chicks. In the case of man, we evolved past that into the

Is state government an effective form of government Essay

Is state government an effective form of government - Essay Example This is a step forward in the process of decentralization out of federal power and of achieving efficiency by the state governments. Dr. Weiher stated that there are four general purposes of a written Constitution: "(1) Create a Form of Government; (2) Limit Governmental Power; (3) Define Who is a Citizen; and (4) Identify society's central values" (Weiher, 2002). This last point has to be emphasized. The values of any given society change frequently from territory to territory. People from different states have very different sets of values and a written Constitution is a reflection of the diversity of values among citizens of different states. For example, people from Utah have in common their unique religious beliefs. The same can be said of other people from other states. The federal government provides the unity within the diversity, and each state is a symbolic pluralistic unit in the spectrum of all the states bound together under the U.S. Constitution. The Wikipedia points out that "the most obvious advantage of a codified constitution is the coherent and easily understood body of rules. A codified constitution at the least is simple to read, being a single document.

Moral Agency Essay Example for Free

Moral Agency Essay Most philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being moral agents. Some suggest those with limited rationality (for example, people who are mildly mentally disabled or infants[1]) also have some basic moral capabilities. [3] Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of antecedent causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no real control over our actions. Immanuel Kant argued that whether or not our real self, the noumenal self, can choose, we have no choice but to believe that we choose freely when we make a choice. This does not mean that we can control the effects of our actions. Some Indeterminists would argue we have no free will either. If, with respect to human behaviour, a so-called cause results in an indeterminate number of possible, so-called effects, that does not mean the person had the free-thinking independent will to choose that effect. More likely, it was the indeterminate consequence of his chance genetics, chance experiences and chance circumstances relevant at the time of the cause. In Kants philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial. Otherwise, without free agents a priori fundamental source, socially essential concepts created from human mind, such as justice, would be undermined (responsibility implies freedom of choice) and, in short, civilization and human values would crumble. It is useful to compare the idea of moral agency with the legal doctrine of mens rea, which means guilty mind, and states that a person is legally responsible for what he does as long as he should know what he is doing, and his choices are deliberate. Some theorists discard any attempts to evaluate mental states and, instead, adopt the doctrine of strict liability, whereby one is liable under the law without regard to capacity, and that the only thing is to determine the degree of punishment, if any. Moral determinists would most likely adopt a similar point of view. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct. [4].

What Does The Internet Mean For Traditional Tv Media Essay

What Does The Internet Mean For Traditional Tv Media Essay As we know, the internet is becoming a new frontier for television. With different online services like Netflix, Hulu, and YouTube, people have changed their total viewing experience being able to use various devices to stream their desired content almost anywhere. With both on-demand and live viewing available on the internet, people have been trading the cable cord for an Ethernet cord in order to watch what they want, when they want. Television has been a huge part of our culture since it was created. The inevitable question that must be asked here is: what does all of this mean for the traditional television? According to Nielsen, in the United States, 143 million people watched TV on the internet in 2011. As we can see this is an exponential rate given that the technology is extremely young. While most Americans would assume that more people would be watching more television on the internet than they would traditionally, data from consumer reports are proving us all wrong. With Americans spending an average of 32 hours and 47 minutes per week watching content on a traditional TV, three hours and 58 minutes each week watching via the Internet on a computer, and just seven minutes a week on a mobile device, we can see that Television is far from being relinquished. With 290 million people and 114.7 million households in the U.S. owning at least one TV, we know that they are certainly not being put to waste. As of right now, the television set is still the primary method of consuming programming. Although the television is still being used more commonly, we are beginning to see a strong shift towards internet services that stream media. We should not look at the internet as an enemy to television, but as more of a companion as it is aiding watchers in a richer programming e xperience. Arrested Development Article Summary #2 Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/21/arts/television/netflix-to-back-arrested-development.html?_r=1 After being cancelled in 2006, Fox sitcom Arrested Development gained a cult following. Despite critical acclaim and multiple awards, the show was cancelled due to lackluster viewing numbers after three seasons. Now due to popular demand, the show is being resurrected on Netflix. The new episodes will go straight into the instant viewing queue, never being aired by a network on television. Streaming episodes of Arrested Development have been available on Netflix for some time, and their popularity led to the show being brought back into production. This is a huge, revolutionary moment for television. A show is being produced specifically for a non-television medium. The possibilities for this type of business venture are endless. Down the road, more and more shows could begin to follow in the footsteps of Arrested. There would be no more worrying about getting to the TV by 8:00 so you dont miss the show and no more waiting seven days for a new episode of your favorite show to see whats going to happen next. Then there is the possibility of this type of movement gaining traction and snowballing; that is to say that if tons of shows started doing this, what shows would be left for actual TV? It would take a long time for a medium like television to die completely, but something so convenient and on-demand could catch on quickly. One drawback to this type of programming is that will only be accessible on a TV to those with an Xbox or Playstation 3, but anyone with a laptop (which is everyone in this day and age) could stream episo des as well. NEW WAYS TO WATCH TV Video Clip and Summary Clip: http://www.kimatv.com/news/consumer/167124325.html?tab=videoc=y People today are now watching media in new ways at their own leisure and convenience. The media clip chosen discusses the potential internet TV applications have over basic network television or having to go a local store to rent movies. It begins by stating that, millions of people are streaming video from the Internet directly to their TVs, computers, or tablets (Slauson, n.pag). The video provides an example of a woman who normally used to prefer renting movies from a local store. In an interview she discusses the hassle of having to go back and forth to the local store as well as being charged late fees and concludes that internet TV application Netflix has simplified her life tremendously. In a recent poll of Consumer Reports online, Netflix has been stated to be by far the most-used video-streaming application, with more than 80 percent of those who streamed video having used Netflix (Slauson, n.pag). The video went on to discuss other applications such as Vudu, Itunes, and Ama zon Instant video that were chosen to be best services when looking for a great selection of movies. For free content, Hulu.com was the winner, allowing the user to stream TV shows as well as movies free on a computer. In order to watch this service on a TV or a tablet the user would need a Hulu Plus subscription, which is relatively cheap and cost about $8 a month-the same as Netflix (Slauson, n.pag). Consumer Reports also found that many users still preferred renting discs in which case Netflix again one of the best for selection.Various video streaming devices were also discussed for those who do not have internet capabilities on their TVs. Consumer reports found that some gaming systems as well as a lot of new Blu-ray players are great devices which have a lot of the internet TV applications built in. If you dont have one of those, Consumer Reports says a set-top box such as an Apple TV or a Roku Two are good choices. They work with just about any LCD or plasma TV and go for abo ut $100 (Slauson, n.pag). Overall, as one can see Internet TV applications are the new generation of viewing television or media in general. It allows the user total control over what they wish to watch, and how and when they wish to watch it. Questions! Has anyone ever completely watched an entire series on netflix? Would anyone consider not watching a show if new episodes were not available to stream online? 3. Would you watch television shows on your laptop exclusively, or does the size/definition of your screen matter too much? 4. Does the resurrection of Arrested Development mean that viewers now hold more power than ever? 5. Do you find that you watch more TV (including movies and clips) through applications such as Netflix, Hulu, etc? If yes, how often? 6. What devices do you usually view this content on? 7. Do you think it would be worth turning off cable and subscribing to these services?

Canterbury Tales Interpretive Essay -- essays research papers

The Evil Side of Human Nature Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales became one of the first ever works that began to approach the standards of modern literature. It was probably one of the first books to offer the readers entertainment, and not just another set of boring morals. However, the morals, cleverly disguised, are present in almost every story. Besides, the book offers the descriptions of the most common aspects of the human nature. The books points out both the good and the bad qualities of the people, however, the most obvious descriptions are those of the sinful flaws of humans, such as greed and lust. One of the people’s traits affected by human nature in many stories is greed. As shown throughout, greed is an evil sin. This is especially obvious in the Pardoner’s Tale, where the Pardoner, a church-appointed official who collects gold for absolving people their sins, tells about the evils of money. In the story, three friends, who wanted to make the world better by killing death, find gold, and unwilling to share, start planning to kill each other. Two friends sent the third to bring them food and wanted to kill him after he came back. The victim, however, also wanted the money, and poisoned their drinks. As a result, all three friends die. â€Å"Thus were these two homicides finished,/ and the false poisoner too.† (Chaucer 365). Even though Chaucer’s conclusions are not expressed and actually are very different from what the Pardoner says, Chaucer manages to convey h...

Lift and the Physics of Flight Essay -- physics lift plane airplane

Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have always had a fascination with flight. Now that we live in a world where boarding an airplane and flying across the country – or even the world - is simply a part of everyday life, the wonder of flight has diminished for many. Despite this, physics students from all around continue to delight in the many physical forces that play a part in keeping these huge objects (like jumbo jets) from falling out of the sky! The common explanation given to those curious about how an airplane wing produces lift uses the Bernoulli Principle. This is the concept that because of the airfoil shape of a wing, the air traveling over the top of the wing must travel faster than the air going under the wing because it has to travel a farther distance. The resulting difference in pressure between the two (higher pressure under the wing) creates lift, keeping the plane in the air. This explanation is unsatisfactory in a number of ways. It does not consider or explain the important role that the angle of attack plays in flight, nor does not explain how planes can fly upside down (where according to the Bernoulli Principle, the pressure would actually be higher on the top of the wing, pushing the plane down to the ground!). For some interesting arguments and calculations refuting the Bernoulli Principle as a sound explanation for lift in an airplane, check out Gail Craig’s book â€Å"Stop Abusing Bernoulli! How Airplanes Really Fly† available from Regenerative Press (see bibliography). Although the Bernoulli Principle is used to describe many physical phenomena, it does not explain lift. Luckily for us there is a much more sound explanation for how an airplane flies! There are four main forc... ...er angle of attack helps divert more air downwards, thus creating more lift. If one imagines the air particles as bullets hitting the wing of the airplane, an increased angle of attack increases the number of air particles that will hit the bottom of the wing, thus increasing the amount of air being â€Å"scooped† and diverted downwards. However, there is a limit to this great thing we call angle of attack. Generally any angle greater than 15 degrees will cause the plane to stall. The stall happens because, as discussed earlier, the viscous property of air â€Å"wants† to follow a curve, but is limited to its level of â€Å"stickiness† to the surface of the plane. As the angle of attack increases, the air has a harder time â€Å"sticking† to the surface and eventually simply passes right over the wing without following the surface, resulting in the loss of lift (a.k.a. stall).

Marital Destruction Out of Dysfunctional Marriage

Course: College English 2 Date: 12/4/12 Marital destruction out of dysfunctional marriage and Othello’s characters William Shakespeare is(1564-1616) widely regarded as the greatest writer in the history of English literature and the most pre-eminent dramatist around the world. Among all his works, many literary critics regard Othello as the peak of his tragedies. Othello is not only a tragedy of family, but also a tragedy of love. Jealous psychology of the characters ultimately leads to the marital tragedy. Iago was jealous of Cassio and Othello, so he slandered and entrapped Cassio and Desdemona, which directly brought about the tragedy.Othello’s true love to Desdemona was utilized by Iago who had an ulterior motive. Driven by jealousy, Othello readily believed Iago, and personally killed his own wife, and eventually drew his sword to cut his own throat. Therefore, the tragedy in Othello’s marriage is largely rooted in jealous psychology. We analyze the reason e ffect this tragedy of marriage by following the premarital objective situation and the subjective married life. Othello and Desdemona’s marriage is doomed and dysfunctional from the beginning because of acute differences in marriage and due to Othello’s flaw of characters.We analyze the reasons which affect this tragedy of marriage by following the premarital situation then Othello’s characters in married life. To pave the way for detailed analysis, it is necessary to know about two types of marriages at that time. Jessica Tvordi says in â€Å"In quarter and in Terms like Bride and Groom†: Reconfiguring Marriage, Friendship, and Alliance in Othello â€Å"In its treatment of marriage, Othello introduces and creates tensions between two models of marriage: the dynastic or lineal marriage and the â€Å"companionate† or affective marriage. The traditional discourse of dynastic marriage reflects large concerns regarding the necessary of marriage which means â€Å"long term objectives of linear family† which is defined by Lisa Jardine. Jessica Tvordi says â€Å"†¦the discourse of affective marriage emphasizes the importance of companionship in marriage rather than political and economic gains†. About play Othello, Othello is a Moorish general of Venice. Othello is described by Iago as â€Å"Barbary horse† (105 line, Scene1, Act1). However, Desdemona is a beautiful girl who is the daughter of Venetian senator Brabantio.Brabantio is a traditional noble person, his mind obeys and follows the dynastic marriage rule. As Desdemona’s father, depend on the different races and different status, Brabantio certainly fight against with the marriage between Othello and his daughter. In other words, Othello lacks the â€Å"required conveniences† for Brabantio’s family which is pointed out by Iago. Moreover, similar like the two types of marriages affective marriage and the dynastic marriage are not only occurred in England, but also happened in other country.For example, when people marriage in China, they follow â€Å"be matched for marriage†. Because in Chinese culture, marriage is not only two people’s combination but also two families’ unite. So â€Å"match† means two families’ economic conditions, social status, and members of family should be equivalent. Apparently, Othello and Desdemona have a big gap in economic conditions and social status. Here, we can find out that Othello and Desdemona’s marriage doomed from the start, at least, their marriage is not benedictory.However, Desdemona and Othello are against the dynastic marriage rule, they start a clandestine marriage which seemed as a misalliance. Iago reveals their marriage to Brabantio, emphasizing the nature of Desdemona’s actions as disruptive of lineal conventions. Seeming, Desdemona and Othello aspire a kind of affective marriage which is presented by Jessica Tv ordi â€Å"a more equal partnership between husband and wife†. In fact, â€Å"Desdemona and Othello represent their feelings for one another within the Protestant paradigm of companionship and affection, which at its most elevated usually downplays strictly lineal concerns. As point out by Jessica Tvordi. When Othello is asked about the match, he explains that Desdemona loves him because of Desdemona’s admiration and pity, she thank'd me, And bade me, if I had a friend that loved her, I should but teach him how to tell my story. And that would woo her. Upon this hint I spake: She loved me for the dangers I had pass'd, And I loved her that she did pity them. This only is the witchcraft I have used(3. 3. 90) Desdemona also confirms her promise and says: My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter: but here's m y husband, And so much duty as my mother show'd To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor my lord. †(180 line, Scene 3, Act 3) Desdemona and Othello’s representation certify that they will have an affective marriage and the love between them is true love.Although their premarital condition is not being unpromising, they believe that this affective marriage carrying their true love will have a happy ending. But at the end of the play, this kind of affective marriage change into a tragedy. The reason result in tragedy is Othello’s character emerges in the married life. In Othello’s character, he has a fatal weakness which is jealousy. On the battlefield, Othello is an all-power hero. However, he is made use of by Iago, giving rise to the credulity tragedy of murder his wife and suicide.The tragic results are not only coming from treacherous Iago who is full of jealousy and great ambition but also comes f rom Othello’s jealousy. Moreover, the jealousy consists of inferiority complex and being credulous. First, Othello always has an inferiority complex because of his black race. His fragile mind has never disappeared although he has been promoted as a noble general. When he hears from Iago about his wife has love affairs with Cassio, he said, â€Å"Haply, for I am black And have not those soft parts of conversation That chamberers have, or for I am declined Into the vale of years,—yet that's not much—She's gone.I am abused; and my relief Must be to loathe her. † (line262 Scene 3, Act 3) If he is not inferior, he would not judge and suspect his wife based on several pieces of provocation. He is inferior in color and age. In practice, he feels that he is not worthy of Desdemona. He feels inferior to Cassio so that he had an indefinable fear. Second, Othello is too credulous of Iago. He cannot imagine Iago is such an evil who envies Desdemona’s beauty a nd is very angry and hates him due to a promotion.Therefore, to achieve his revenge, Iago deliberately spread rumors, which Othello did not perceive. I do beseech you—Though I perchance am vicious in my guess, As, I confess, it is my nature's plague To spy into abuses, and oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not—that your wisdom yet, From one that so imperfectly conceits, Would take no notice, nor build yourself a trouble Out of his scattering and unsure observance. It were not for your quiet nor your good, Nor for my manhood, honesty, or wisdom, To let you know my thoughts. 145 line, Scene 3, Act 3) On the contrary, Othello thought Iago is an honest man since Iago behaved in a hesitant way to expose the truth to him, seems like a righteous man from the heart. In addition, Othello has another character which is male chauvinism. When he is provoked by Iago, he begins to doubt his honesty of Desdemona. It is rather his male chauvinism than so much trust in Iago. In hi s view, Desdemona’s derailment is shameful, heinous, hurting his big man’s self-esteem. Even if it is only a rumor, he also cannot wait to ask to find evidence.I’ll see before I doubt, when I doubt, prove, And on the proof there is no more but this:Away at once with love or jealousy! (195 line, Scene 3, Act 3) When he finds that his handkerchief which is used as engagement pledge in Cassio’s room and suspected his wife’s infidelity, it is understandable and justifiable based on his male chauvinism. Another drawback of Othello’s character is his violent personality and impulsiveness, which finally causes the tragedy. Othello looks like a tamed lion after marriage. However he still has the lion’s nature. When he is stimulated, he would fly into a rage.In â€Å"Marriage, the Violent Traverse from Two to One in the Taming of the Sbrew and Othello†, the author Unhae Langis says â€Å"The seeds of disaster are sown in the characters of Othello and Desdemona themselves: as Heraclitus once noted, â€Å"Man’s character is his fate [daimon]. † Unhae Langis analysis the relationship between Othello and Desdemona based on the Othello’s character like that: â€Å"Othello inexorably enacting upon Desdemona the disaster of his marital state and the violent liberalization of the male headship in the smothering of his wife.Ironically, it is their very passion for virtue that induces their ruin. Contrary to the common focus of criticism, it is sameness rather difference that brings on the debacle. † Just like Unhae Langis says, Othello’s violent personality makes his marriage tend to tragedy. Consequently, we can say Othello’s violent personality and impulsiveness is the reason leading to the destruction. We believe it is a true love between Desdemona and Othello. But the result of their marriage is a tragedy. The tragedy is rooted in the objective marriage model and the subjectiv e Othello’s character.At that time, dynastic marriage is the common marriage model. Affective marriage which Othello and Desdemona follow is not receptive at that time. Apparently, their races, social status and family condition are not match. Therefore, Othello and Desdemona’s marriage doomed from the start because of their differences. Furthermore, by Othello’s characters, which are violent personality, jealousy and male chauvinism, although they start this heavy marriage based on their true love, they cannot keep this marriage for a long time. Finally, their marriage is destroyed by Othello’s character and social environment.Shen, Good effort in the first draft! The thesis is clear and you have followed good research to show that the Othello-Desdemona marriage was doomed from the beginning. The biggest drawback in this paper was the use of research—you have too many quotes, without explaining what they mean and how they are being used in the spe cific paragraph or context of your argument. You also need to focus on MLA citations in the second draft. The paper requires 4 sources and so far you have two critics cited. The Works Cited page also should be formatted correctly. Good effort overall!Citation 1. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. Robert, Diyanni. New York: McGraw Hill 2007. Print 2. Langis, Unhae. â€Å"Journal of the Wooden O Symposium. † Marriage, the Violent Traverse from Two to One in the Taming of the Sbrew and Othello 8 (2008): 45-63. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. 3. Jessica, Tvordi. â€Å"Journal of the Wooden O Symposium. † In Quarter and in Terms like Bride and Groom†: Reconfiguring Marriage, Friendship, and Alliance in Othello 8 (2008): 85-101. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Dec. 2012.

Harvard Referencing

The Harvard referencing system It is important that you identify in your assessment when you are using the words or ideas of another author. The most accepted way of acknowledging the work of another author is to use a referencing system. It is important that you write down the details of your sources as you study. When taking notes, use a separate page for each new book, journal article, or electronic source. At the top of each page, clearly record the following information for future reference. For books, record: * The author’s or editor’s name (or names) * The year the book was published * The title of the book If it is an edition other than the first * The city the book was published in * The name of the publisher For journal articles record: * The author’s name or names * The year in which the journal was published * The title of the article * The title of the journal * The page number/s of the article in the journal * As much other information as you can fi nd about the journal, for example the volume and issue numbers For electronic resources, try to collect the information on the left if it is available, but also record: * The date you accessed the source * The electronic address or email The type of electronic resource (email, discussion forum, WWW page, etc) Whenever you use someone else’s ideas or words, you must put in a reference. Direct quotations – this is when you copy another author’s material word-for-word. You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used (â€Å") but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (‘). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the author’s words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make.An example for direct quote from a book or journal article with one author: When organising our time, Adair (1988: 51) sta tes that ‘the centerpiece will tend to be goals and objectives’. OR When organising our time ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). When you take another author’s ideas and put them into your own words. You are still copying someone else’s work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information.All of the sources you refer to in the main body of your assignment need to be listed at the end of the assignment in a reference list. When creating a reference list, the sources should be listed alphabetically by author’s surname, but when the author is anonymous or unknown for any one source, insert that source in the alphabetical list using the title of the source instead of the author’s name. All sources should be listed together; there should not be separate lists for books versus journal articles versus electronic sources.The reference list should be on a separate page from the rest of the assignment and should be simply titled ‘References’ and the title should be in the same font and size as the other headings in your assignment. When you use the Harvard System, you are only usually required to produce a reference list. It is generally important in the text of an assignment to show the reader the author’s name, date of publication and page numbers of the original source. In the reference list, it is important that the author’s name, the year of publication, relevant titles, and other access information is faithfully reproduced.Department of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series http://education. exeter. ac. uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_referencing. htm Central Queensland University ESLS Unit (2001) Referencing: The Harvard referencing system, [Online], Available: http://www. cqu. edu. au/edserv/undegrad/clc/content/resources. htm [14 Aug 2001] Lewis, D. (ed. ) (1999) The written assignment, Brisbane: QUT Publications. Wells, D. (2001) Harvard referencing, [Online], Available: http://lisweb. curtin. edu. au/guides/handouts/harvard. html [14 Aug 2001].

The Federal Reserve System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Federal Reserve System - Essay Example The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) consists of the Board of Governors and Federal Reserve Bank Presidents. The FOMC is the monetary policymaking body that creates policy designed to stimulate economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a sustainable pattern of international trade and payments. It makes responsible decisions concerning the open market operations. In addition, the FOMC directs system operations in foreign currencies. The Board of Governors makes decisions regarding cost and availability of money and credit in the economy. The Board regulates banks, contributes to the monetary policy, and oversees the activities of the Federal Reserve Banks. Members of the Board of Governors include Ben S. Bernanke, the Chairman; Roger E. Ferguson, Jr., the Vice Chairman, Susan Schmidt Bies, Mark W. Olson, Donald L. Kohn, Kevin M. Warsh, and Randall S. Kroszner all of whom are responsible for discount rate and reserve requirements. The responsibilities for discount rate policy are shared with the Federal Reserve Banks. In 1976, the Consumer Advisory Council, consisting of consumer and creditor representatives was established to advise the Board of Governors on consumer related issues. Before the appointment to the Board of Governors, Bernanke was one of President Bush's top economic advisers. He received his bachelor's degree in economics from Harvard and his PhD for MIT. He was a professor at Princeton University and chair of the Economic Department. As a member of the Federal Reserve Board, Bernanke is the first new Fed chairman in nearly two decades. The Federal Reserve Banks conduct research on the economy, supervise banks in their region, and provide financial services to banks and the United States government. They hold cash reserves for depository institutions and make loans to them; move currency and coins in and out of circulation; collect and process millions of checks daily; provide checking accounts for the Treasury; issue and redeem government securities; and are the fiscal agents for the United States government. The Federal Reserve Bank districts include: Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Cleveland, OH; Dallas, TX; Kansas City, MO; St. Louis, MO; Minneapolis, MN; New York, New York; St., Philadelphia, PA; Richmond, VA; and San Francisco, CA Simplistically speaking, monetary policy is used to control the cyclical fluctuations in the economy. It influences economy activities, by manipulating the supplies of money and credit, thus altering the federal funds rate. Using the three monetary tools - open market operations, discount rate, and reserve requirements, the Fed regulates the money supply. Each affects the amount of funds in the banking system. The open market operations are the purchases and sales of United States Treasury and federal agencies securities. When the Fed desires to increase reserves, it buys securities and to decrease reserve, it sells securities. Such transactions affect the amount of money and credit banks posses, which affects the interest rates and the performance of the United States economy. The discount rate is the interest charged to commercial banks and other depository institutions for loans they receive from their regional Federal Reserve Banks. When the discount rate increases the amount lending made by banks